Saving Graphs to File

Don’t use the mouse
Use ggsave for ggplot
- Practice by saving the following plot to file:

ggsave("myplot.pdf")

Saving 7 x 7 in image

Base R way: print plots “to screen”, sandwiched between pdf()/jpeg()/png()… and dev.off().
Vector vs. raster: Images are stored on your computer as either vector or raster.
- Raster: an n by m grid of pixels, each with its own colour. jpeg, png, gif, bmp.
- Vector: represented as shapes and lines. pdf, svg.
- For tips: “10 tips for making your R graphics look their best”".

Scales; Colour

Scale functions in ggplot2 take the form scale_[aesthetic]_[mapping]().

Let’s first focus on the following plot:

Change the y-axis tick mark spacing to 10; change the colour spacing to include all powers of 10.

Specify scales::*_format in the labels argument of a scale function to do the following:
- Change the x-axis labels to dollar format (use scales::dollar_format())
- Change the colour labels to comma format (use scales::comma_format())

Use RColorBrewer to change the colour scheme.
- Notice the three different types of scales: sequential, diverging, and continuous.

p_scales +
    scale_x_log10(labels=dollar_format()) +
    scale_color_distiller(
        trans   = "log10",
        breaks  = 10^(1:10),
        labels  = comma_format(),
        palette = "Green"
    ) +
    scale_y_continuous(breaks=10*(1:10))

Unknown palette Green

Use viridis to change the colour to a colour-blind friendly scheme
- Hint: add scale_colour_viridis_c (c stands for continuous; d discrete).
- You can choose a palette with option.

Theming

Changing the look of a graphic can be achieved through the theme() layer.

There are “complete themes” that come with ggplot2, my favourite being theme_bw (I’ve grown tired of the default gray background, so theme_bw is refreshing).

Change the theme of the following plot to theme_bw():

Then, change font size of axis labels, and the strip background colour. Others?

Plotly

Consider the following plot:

Convert it to a plotly object by applying the ggplotly() function:

You can save a plotly graph locally as an html file. Try saving the above:
- NOTE: plotly graphs don’t seem to show up in Rmd notebooks, but they do with Rmd documents.

Run this code to see the json format underneath:

p %>% 
    ggplotly() %>% 
    plotly_json()

Error: Package `listviewer` required for `plotly_json`.
Please install and try again.

Check out code to make a plotly object from scratch using plot_ly() – scatterplot of gdpPercap vs lifeExp.
- Check out the cheat sheet.

Add population to form a z-axis for a 3D plot: ggplot can also animation

What makes a plot “publication quality”? Give examples - Labels, units - Consistency - Resolution / aspect ratio - No color - Font size - Sans serif

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YGBge3J9CmdncGxvdChpcmlzLCBhZXMoU2VwYWwuV2lkdGgsIFNlcGFsLkxlbmd0aCkpICsKICAgICBmYWNldF93cmFwKH4gU3BlY2llcykgKwogICAgIGdlb21fcG9pbnQoKSArCiAgICAgbGFicyh4ID0gIlNlcGFsIFdpZHRoIiwKICAgICAgICAgIHkgPSAiU2VwYWwgTGVuZ3RoIiwKICAgICAgICAgIHRpdGxlID0gIlNlcGFsIHNpemVzIG9mIHRocmVlIHBsYW50IHNwZWNpZXMiKSArCiAgICB0aGVtZV9idygpICsKICAgIHRoZW1lKGF4aXMudGV4dCA9IGVsZW1lbnRfdGV4dChzaXplPTgpLAogICAgICAgICAgc3RyaXAuYmFja2dyb3VuZCA9IGVsZW1lbnRfcmVjdChmaWxsPSJvcmFuZ2UiKSkKYGBgCgoKIyBQbG90bHkKCkNvbnNpZGVyIHRoZSBmb2xsb3dpbmcgcGxvdDoKCmBgYHtyfQoocCA8LSBnYXBtaW5kZXIgJT4lIAogICAgIGZpbHRlcihjb250aW5lbnQgIT0gIk9jZWFuaWEiKSAlPiUgCiAgICAgZ2dwbG90KGFlcyhnZHBQZXJjYXAsIGxpZmVFeHApKSArCiAgICAgZ2VvbV9wb2ludChhZXMoY29sb3VyPXBvcCksIGFscGhhPTAuMikgKwogICAgIHNjYWxlX3hfbG9nMTAobGFiZWxzPWRvbGxhcl9mb3JtYXQoKSkgKwogICAgIHNjYWxlX2NvbG91cl9kaXN0aWxsZXIoCiAgICAgICAgIHRyYW5zICAgPSAibG9nMTAiLAogICAgICAgICBicmVha3MgID0gMTBeKDE6MTApLAogICAgICAgICBsYWJlbHMgID0gY29tbWFfZm9ybWF0KCksCiAgICAgICAgIHBhbGV0dGUgPSAiR3JlZW5zIgogICAgICkgKwogICAgIGZhY2V0X3dyYXAofiBjb250aW5lbnQpICsKICAgICBzY2FsZV95X2NvbnRpbnVvdXMoYnJlYWtzPTEwKigxOjEwKSkgKwogICAgIHRoZW1lX2J3KCkpCmBgYAoKMS4gQ29udmVydCBpdCB0byBhIGBwbG90bHlgIG9iamVjdCBieSBhcHBseWluZyB0aGUgYGdncGxvdGx5KClgIGZ1bmN0aW9uOgoKYGBge3J9Cmluc3RhbGwucGFja2FnZXMoInBsb3RseSIpCmxpYnJhcnkocGxvdGx5KQpwICU+JSAKICAgIGdncGxvdGx5KCkKYGBgCgoyLiBZb3UgY2FuIHNhdmUgYSBwbG90bHkgZ3JhcGggbG9jYWxseSBhcyBhbiBodG1sIGZpbGUuIFRyeSBzYXZpbmcgdGhlIGFib3ZlOgogICAgLSBOT1RFOiBwbG90bHkgZ3JhcGhzIGRvbid0IHNlZW0gdG8gc2hvdyB1cCBpbiBSbWQgX25vdGVib29rc18sIGJ1dCB0aGV5IGRvIHdpdGggUm1kIF9kb2N1bWVudHNfLgoKYGBge3J9CnAgJT4lIAogICAgZ2dwbG90bHkoKSAlPiUgCiAgICBodG1sd2lkZ2V0czo6c2F2ZVdpZGdldCgicGxvdC5odG1sIikKYGBgCgoKMy4gUnVuIHRoaXMgY29kZSB0byBzZWUgdGhlIGpzb24gZm9ybWF0IHVuZGVybmVhdGg6CgpgYGB7cn0KcCAlPiUgCiAgICBnZ3Bsb3RseSgpICU+JSAKICAgIHBsb3RseV9qc29uKCkKYGBgCgoKNC4gQ2hlY2sgb3V0IGNvZGUgdG8gbWFrZSBhIHBsb3RseSBvYmplY3QgZnJvbSBzY3JhdGNoIHVzaW5nIGBwbG90X2x5KClgIC0tIHNjYXR0ZXJwbG90IG9mIGdkcFBlcmNhcCB2cyBsaWZlRXhwLgogICAgLSBDaGVjayBvdXQgdGhlIFtjaGVhdCBzaGVldF0oaHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZXMucGxvdC5seS9wbG90bHktZG9jdW1lbnRhdGlvbi9pbWFnZXMvcl9jaGVhdF9zaGVldC5wZGYpLgoKYGBge3J9CnBsb3RfbHkoZ2FwbWluZGVyLCAKICAgICAgICB4ID0gfmdkcFBlcmNhcCwgCiAgICAgICAgeSA9IH5saWZlRXhwLCAKICAgICAgICB0eXBlID0gInNjYXR0ZXIiLAogICAgICAgIG1vZGUgPSAibWFya2VycyIsCiAgICAgICAgb3BhY2l0eSA9IDAuMikgJT4lIAogICAgbGF5b3V0KHhheGlzID0gbGlzdCh0eXBlID0gImxvZyIpKQpgYGAKCjUuIEFkZCBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIHRvIGZvcm0gYSB6LWF4aXMgZm9yIGEgM0QgcGxvdDoKZ2dwbG90IGNhbiBhbHNvIGFuaW1hdGlvbgoKYGBge3J9CmxpYnJhcnkoZ2dhbmltYXRlKQpwbG90X2x5KGdhcG1pbmRlciwgCiAgICAgICAgeCA9IH5nZHBQZXJjYXAsIAogICAgICAgIHkgPSB+bGlmZUV4cCwgCiAgICAgICAgeiA9IH5wb3AsCiAgICAgICAgdHlwZSA9ICJzY2F0dGVyM2QiLAogICAgICAgIG1vZGUgPSAibWFya2VycyIsCiAgICAgICAgb3BhY2l0eSA9IDAuMikKYGBgCgpXaGF0IG1ha2VzIGEgcGxvdCDigJxwdWJsaWNhdGlvbiBxdWFsaXR54oCdPyBHaXZlIGV4YW1wbGVzCi0gTGFiZWxzLCB1bml0cwotIENvbnNpc3RlbmN5Ci0gUmVzb2x1dGlvbiAvIGFzcGVjdCByYXRpbwotIE5vIGNvbG9yCi0gRm9udCBzaXplCi0gU2FucyBzZXJpZgoK

cm013 Exercise

Saving Graphs to File

Scales; Colour

Theming

Plotly